How does exposure to non-ionizing radiation affect the human body?

Exposure to non-ionizing radiation, such as that from telecommunications equipment and devices like cell phones and microwaves, primarily affects the human body in a way that does not lead to permanent changes in cells. Non-ionizing radiation has lower energy than ionizing radiation, which means it does not carry enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms or molecules, a process that can lead to cellular damage and genetic mutations.

Instead, non-ionizing radiation primarily causes effects through thermal mechanisms, meaning it can produce heat. This is a temporary effect, and when exposure is within safe limits, the body can manage and dissipate this heat effectively. Therefore, while non-ionizing radiation can lead to thermal damage, this does not translate into lasting alterations or permanent changes in cellular structure.

It's also notable that non-ionizing radiation is commonly found in everyday environments and is regulated to ensure safety, as its impact is generally considered manageable and reversible under controlled exposure scenarios. This understanding of non-ionizing radiation helps inform safety guidelines and public health policies.